Science Report on Joint Genome Institute.

At the JGI--or Joint Genome Institute--I had the opportunity to experience one of the largest dedicated desoxyribonucleic acid sequencing operations in the world. Basically, I got to see firsthand the machinery and technology involved in the process called whole-genome shotgun sequencing, whereby the order of fts in an organisms genome is determined. One of the tour guides, before the tour, gave us an animated voice of this process. In this genome-determining-process, deoxyribonucleic acid from the organism to be sequenced is broken up into pieces about 2,000 to 4,000 bases long through a process called shearing. Then, these fragments of deoxyribonucleic acid are inserted into the deoxyribonucleic acid of a bacterium. When grown on an nutrient agar plate, only the transformed bacteria with the plasmid containing the fragmented desoxyribonucleic acid with genes for ampicillin resistance and the lacZ gene interrupted by the inserted DNA can grow on the plate and be sportsmanlike. These face cloth colonies are the ones used in the upcoming steps. Basically, the plasmid DNA is taken out of the bacterium; the fragments are replicated and the terminal base of each fragment is mark with a fluorescent dye. The tagged fragments are loaded into a high-speed capillary cataphoresis machine, and lasers can read the dyes of the bases as they move through the machine. A computer--at the end--solves the puzzle and determines the organisms genome sequence.

While at the JGI, on our tour, we saw an electroporation machine, which induces the bacteria to open their pores, cause the plasmids to enter into the bacteria. Also, we saw a robotic bacteria picker, which picks specific white bacteria colonies out of the plate. Furthermore, we saw a large form of thermal cyclers and sequencing machines. Overall, the tour was worthwhile because we learned how specialized institutions much(prenominal) as the JGI sequence an organisms DNA and had the...

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