Climate Project

Geographical recordy 100 Second edge Project: Effects of El Nino in the Vancouver Region This physical composition is an account of my classtleings over the prior(prenominal) twelvecalendar month up to this year on the effects of El Nino on surges in Vancouver. To suck up hold an effective report, bingle moldiness include information of a historic nature, curiously when the caseful is a phenomenon such(prenominal)(prenominal) as El Nino. The historical data is temperamented from motley sources such as the Vancouver Tide channel to the woods, BC sportfishing and former(a) such link up sources. Since actual hands on examination of this global phenomenon is approxim ingestly impossible, I did the most that was possible. I designateed datum from various tide crowns and cross-referenced these numbers to historical data. 1. lofty ocean trains The 1997-98 El Niño sum up ocean trains on the imperious soaring of British capital of South Carolina and whole through the perfunctory game of Georgia. ocean levels at most ports in British Columbia, peculiarly Vancouver, were near 10 centimetres preceding(prenominal) principle in the summer of 1997, and were most 20 to 30 centimetres preceding(prenominal) normal in the winter of 1997-98. In addition to El Niño, some(prenominal) other factors raise ocean levels in winter. The nihilitys on the westbound Coast generally increase sea levels by well-nigh 10 to 20 centimeters in winter. The gravitational pull of the woolgather and sun sets up lavishlyest tides in British Columbia in celestial latitude and January. The fondest sea level rise at express Atkinson (in West Vancouver, fool elude under) attri yeted to e real El Niño in our records was sight in 1982-83. On declination 16, 1982, the observed postgraduate-pitched of 2.51 metres preceding(prenominal) misbegotten sea level was the gameest constantly. This noble wee was 0.9 metres above the normal tide, of which almost 0.2 metres domiciliate be attri only whened to El Niño effects, and the be 0.7 metres is cod to an intense storm. cardinal calendar months later, on 27 January 1983, recorded levels at order Atkinson rose to 2.40 metres, the fourth naughty upest level recorded. During the 1997-98 El Niño, we did founder high water events on 16 declination 1997 and on 14 January 1998. Extreme high miffed at forecast Atkinson (relative to mean value sea level) date (PST)          visor (m)         El Niño year? 16-Dec-82         2.51         yes 5-Dec-67         2.50         no 3-Jan-87         2.44         yes 27-Jan-83         2.40         yes 16-Dec-97         2.39 *         yes 24-Dec-57         2.38         yes 24-Dec-68         2.38         no 15-Dec-77         2.38         yes 9-Feb-78         2.37         yes * remark -- The 16 celestial latitude 1997 f woefuler is unofficial at this time. 2. find ocean levels and El Niño Information · capital of Seychelles, BC: 1997/98 sozzled sea Level Anomalies · Bamfield, BC: 1997/98 beggarly sea Level Anomalies · Tofino, BC: 1997/98 venture sea Level Anomalies · wintertime Harbour, BC: 1997/98 record Sea Level Anomalies · Prince Rupert, BC: 1997/98 conceive Sea Level Anomalies · 1997/98 wet Sea Level Anomalies on the BC Coast · IOS El Niño arrest varlet · IOS El Niño Information page 3. Warm water During hard El Niño events, such as 1957-58 and 1982-83, sea levels rise signifi outhousetly and the chuteal water become much ardent. The limber up amnionic fluid amaze in British Columbia from the south, and rouse be carried to our shores as a northward traveling momentum of margeal water that begins its journey off Peru, and flows all along the marge of southwest and northwards America. During most El Niño historic consequence this pulse reaches southern California, and during strong events this fast water reaches British Columbia. Warm waters ar in like manner brought to our shores by stronger revokes in El Niño winters. During a typical El Niño, the Aleutian low pressure system that develops all winter becomes even stronger, and increases the speciality of winter windings from the south. These winds carry lukewarm water northward along the British Columbia coast. In the past, warm El Niño waters get hold of altered the migration routes of Fraser River sockeye salmon pink-orange on their return from the disconnect of Alaska. In most summers spargon-time activity an El Niño winter these sockeye drift northward around Vancouver Island, sooner than southward through Juan de Fuca flip. In 1997, El Niño arrived earlier in the year, and Fraser River sockeye chose the northern migration route during El Niño, rather than in the following summer. In 1992 and 1993, warm El Niño waters brought mackerel to the west coast of Vancouver Island. These fish devoured juvenile salmon, and ate into the salmon stocks of the west coast of the island. In 1958, following the 1957-58 El Niño, warm waters allowed the Japanese oyster to dispersed all through the qualifying of Georgia. 4. The 16 celestial latitude 1997 armed services issue The unofficial upper limit hey twenty-four hour period at menstruation Atkinson at 0744 Pacific bill clipping 16 declination 1997 was 5.48 metres above map datum, which is 2.39 metres above mean sea level, and 13 centimetres at a lower place the record high. Unofficially, this is the twenty percent highest perpetually recorded. The record high was set on 16 December 1982, exactly 15 historic period ago, and was also during an El Nino winter. The predicted high on 16 Dec 1997 was 4.8 metres above map datum, so the uttermost(a) was 68 centimetres above predictions. In 1982 the intense was 90 centimetres above predictions. Records at maculation Atkinson go back to 1914. The display panel below includes the unofficial results for devil other sites. Extreme high waters for 16 Dec. 1997 (relative to mean sea level) Location         Obs. fish (m)         Pred. spinning top (m)         Height Diff. (m) Victoria         1.30         0.82         0.48 Patricia bay tree         1.93         1.31         0.62 Pt. Atkinson         2.39         1.71         0.68 5. The 14 January 1998 lawsuit The unofficial maximum height at Point Atkinson at 0709 Pacific Standard eon 14 January 1998 was 5.38 metres above chart datum, which is 2.29 metres above mean sea level, and 23 centimetres below the record high. The record high was set on 16 December 1982, close to(predicate) 15 years ago, and was also during an El Nino winter. The predicted high on 14 Jan. 1998 was 4.7 metres above chart datum, so the extreme was 68 centimetres above predictions. In 1982 the extreme was 90 centimetres above predictions. Records at Point Atkinson go back to 1914. The put over below includes the unofficial results for two other sites. Extreme high waters for 14 Jan. 1998 (relative to mean sea level) Location         Obs. Height (m)         Pred. Height (m)         Height Diff. (m) Victoria         1.19         0.72         0.47 Patricia Bay         1.79         1.14         0.65 Pt. Atkinson         2.29         1.61         0.68 6. Record High mean(a) Sea Levels The following table gives the preliminary January 1998 Mean Sea Level values for the British Columbia coast. The one-month average sea levels at the following half a dozen ports were the highest ever recorded for any January: Victoria, Vancouver, Bamfield, Campbell River, Winter Harbour and Bella Bella. In addition, the one-month average sea levels at the following four ports were the highest ever recorded for any month: Victoria, Vancouver, Winter Harbour and Bella Bella.

Mean Sea Levels for January 1998 (Unofficial, relative to graph Datum) Location (Identifier)         Jan. MSL (m)         Previous Jan. High (m)         Highest Jan. ever?         Previous monthly High (m)         Highest month ever? Victoria (7120)         2.270         2.252 (Jan 1914)         Yes         2.262 (Feb 1983)         Yes Vancouver (7735)         3.441         3.405 (Jan 1914)         Yes         3.405 (Jan 1914)         Yes Bamfield (8545)         2.420         2.405 (Jan 1983)         Yes         2.424 (Feb 1983)         No Campbell River (8074)         3.241         3.235 (Jan 1983)         Yes         3.272 (Feb 1983)         No Port Hardy (8408)         3.286         3.292 (Jan 1983)         No         3.292 (Jan 1983)         No Tofino (8615)         2.514         2.716 (Jan 1914)         No         2.716 (Jan 1914)         No Winter Harbour (8735)         2.646         2.530 (Jan 1995)         Yes         2.530 (Jan 1995)         Yes Bella Bella (8976)         3.255         3.198 (Jan 1983)         Yes         3.229 (Feb 1983)         Yes Prince Rupert (9354)         4.222         4.246 (Jan 1914)         No         4.246 (Jan 1914)         No Log snuff it Geography 101 97.10.21 foremost day. Not much happening. brightly some Clouds, sooner bright I must say. Well, its active 10:30 and it tranquilize is pretty sunny. Some overcast covering starting, kinda flimsy hordes. It is getting warmer by a miniature bit. there is a slight wind but in any case little, by chance a breeze. Its midday forthwith, and its still chilly but bright outside, the clouds have go on, postal code exciting. roughly 3:00, the wind is pick up very minuscule. thorough coverage of the convulse by clouds, very overcast. 97.10.22 So tired, too early in the dawning to be doing this. It is quite warm for morning temperature. There is little to k nowadays wind, but the convulse is covered with clouds. I reckon they are rain cloud clouds, look like it is frame to rain, nimbo stratus perchance. Or maybe cirus-Stratus. like a shot is warmer than yesterday. The whole day was cloud-covereddoh 97.10.23 Today is also warmer. Cloud covering is truly diametric. counterbalance now there is little cloud covering. moreover then I butt joint see clouds coming from different direction. Alto stratus cloud. Clouds are moving although you cant notice wind down here. Right now is noon, and I see no clouds, its is warm. About 3:00, and slide fastener exciting, same old but about half(a) the sky is covered. 97.10.24 Wahoo, hold out day to wake up early to look at the sky. Oohhh, really cold. Sky is all in all covered, clouds are pretty high though, mid-range maybe. Somewhat tenacious. Now is about 10:20 and sky is cover in about lead quarters by clouds. The wind is colder and I can feel it blowing. 12:25, do sky is covered with dark clouds, doughnut clouds. But warmer. 2:40, same as noon. N.B. re-written from record which got wet and ink bled. Had to remember what happened, but still could show and deform to extrapolate what happened those days. If you compulsion to get a teeming essay, cabaret it on our website: Ordercustompaper.com

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