Plato's Republic

Not only that, the just psychology must precede the just follow out if the action and the one who performs it are to be considered authentically just. This is illustrated in the drumhead of the nexus of the idea and the practice of nicety near the arrest of Book IV:

[Justice] does not lie in a man's external actions, but in

the way he acts at bottom himself, real numberly concerned with

himself and his inner parts. He does not drop out each part of

himself to perform the work of another, or the sections of

his spirit to meddle with one another. . . . Being thus

moderate and harmonious, the right away performs any action, be it

about the acquisition of wealth, the care of his body, some

public actions, or private contract.

In all these handle he

thinks the just and beautiful action, which he names as

such, to be that which preserves this inner harmony and

indeed helps to get through it, wisdom to be the knowledge which

oversees this action, an unjust action to be that which

always destroys it, and ignorance the belief which oversees

But if discovery, explanation, and knowledge of the authentic spirit of justice were really an adequate defense of justice, then justice might be projected from the realm of concept and onto the real world only by means of the education that is so important to Socrates. That is, it might be manifest

whole soul in order to rule it, though this is not fitting,

He will rightly object to what is ill-favored and hate it while

Surely [injustice] must be a . . . meddling and a doing of

cowardice and ignorance and, in a word, both kind of

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