The Outgrowth of Multinational Capital and Free Trade Zones

In Sri Lanka, where a save change over zones has been established for some time, workers in duty-oriented factories are routinely exploited. They receive low pay, are pressured to work overtime, exposed to unsafe and difficult working conditions, and subject to police violence and bullying if they protest against their abusive employers (Ratnapriya, 1995). The same comments have been advanced by Raynolds (1998) with respect to maquiladora operations throughout the Caribbean and the Domini pot Republic. In export processing, the concentration of firms in discharge trade zones stimulates the cr wipe oution of a distinct new labor force. This labor force is largely comprised of women who are particularly vulnerable to exploitation and abuse (Raynolds, 1998).

Topik (1998) examined free trade zones from the perspective of dependency possibleness. Dependency theory opposes a universal theory of stages of growth and argues that not all countries go through the same stages. Further, dependency theory suggests that capitalism may not necessarily develop the forces of production in countries of the outer boundary in the same way that it did in the center. Topik (1998) believes that dependency theory is a good vantage point from which one can understand the negative effects of

Those who support free trade and the creation of free trade zones make reference to the fact that foreign direct enthronement is the primary key to local sustainable economic maturement (Kopinak, 1996). In theory, free trade zones are said to gain job opportunities for indigenous people that would otherwise not be created. While it is certainly square(a) that new jobs have been created in Mexico and other free trade zone areas, it is equally true that the promise of free trade zones has not been realized. Male and distaff workers in the maquiladoras are an exploited and victimized group with few meaningful opportunities for advancement or for the acquisition of an adequate calibre of life.

Globalization and multinationals, therefore, has tended to benefit the elites and to negatively impact upon the lives of workers across the world. As free trade continues to expand, it is likely that the situation go through by Mexican maquiladora workers will not improve.

Wilson (1997, p. 29) states that "Mexico has been a sort of research laboratory for the neoliberal experiment ever since the country's 1982 debt crisis." The maquiladora expansion that has taken behind in the wake of NAFTA in Mexico has not offset the red of jobs in the agricultural sector that resulted from the various debt crises the country experienced in the 1980s and 1990s. There are more than 750,000 Mexican maquiladora employees working in jobs for significantly lower wages than are paid to their counterparts in the United States.

Safa, H.I. (1997). Where the big fish eat the little fish: Women's work in the free trade zones. NACLA Report on the Americas, 30(5), 31-37.

Kopinak, K. (1996). Desert Capitalism: Maquiladoras in mating America's Western Industrial Corridor. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press.

Absent in the maquiladoras of Mexico and other nations are such taken-for-granted items as: employee training and staple fiber worker education about workplace hazards, standard wor
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